What is an ovarian cyst?
An ovarian cyst forms when a sac inside the ovary fills with fluid or other tissue. Cysts that contain fat or hair are called dermoid cysts. Cysts are more common during a woman’s reproductive years, and more than one cyst can develop at the same time. Ovarian cysts vary in size. Most are harmless and disappear on their own, but some may need to be removed.
Most ovarian cysts are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. However, some cysts can be malignant.
What symptoms can an ovarian cyst cause?
Many ovarian cysts cause no symptoms at all. Some may cause occasional sharp, stabbing pain in the abdomen. Large cysts can twist around themselves and cause pain. Cysts that bleed or rupture can lead to situations that require urgent treatment.
How are ovarian cysts diagnosed?
Ovarian cysts are usually noticed on ultrasound during a routine gynecological examination.
How are ovarian cysts treated?
Birth control pills can be used in the treatment of ovarian cysts. If a cyst is very large or causes discomfort, surgical removal may be needed. The type of surgery (open or laparoscopic) and the approach depend on several factors:
- The type and size of the cyst
- Your age
- Your symptoms
- Your plans to have children
Sometimes only the cyst is removed and the ovary is preserved; this operation is called a cystectomy. In other cases, the ovary may also need to be removed together with the cyst.